Malonyl-CoA

 Malonyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of malonic acid.

Malonyl-CoA

Identifiers
CAS Number	524-14-1
ChemSpider	10213
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.596
MeSH	Malonyl+CoA
PubChem CID	869
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID40904351
InChI InChI=1S/C24H38N7O19P3S/c1-24(2,19(37)22(38)27-4-3-13(32)26-5-6-54-15(35)7-14(33)34)9-47-53(44,45)50-52(42,43)46-8-12-18(49-51(39,40)41)17(36)23(48-12)31-11-30-16-20(25)28-10-29-21(16)31/h10-12,17-19,23,36-37H,3-9H2,1-2H3,(H,26,32)(H,27,38)(H,33,34)(H,42,43)(H,44,45)(H2,25,28,29)(H2,39,40,41)/t12-,17-,18-,19?,23-/m1/s1  Key: LTYOQGRJFJAKNA-VFLPNFFSSA-N
Properties
Chemical formula	C24H38N7O19P3S
Molar mass	853.582
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

FunctionsEdit

It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis.

Fatty acid biosynthesisEdit

In the former, it provides 2-carbon units to fatty acids and commits them to fatty acid chain synthesis.

Malonyl-CoA is formed by carboxylating acetyl-CoA using the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase. One molecule of acetyl-CoA joins with a molecule of bicarbonate,^[1] requiring energy rendered from ATP.

Malonyl-CoA is utilised in fatty acid biosynthesis by the enzyme malonyl coenzyme A:acyl carrier protein transacylase (MCAT). MCAT serves to transfer malonate from malonyl-CoA to the terminal thiol of holo-acyl carrier protein (ACP).

Polyketide biosynthesisEdit

MCAT is also involved in bacterial polyketide biosynthesis. The enzyme MCAT together with an acyl carrier protein (ACP), and a polyketide synthase (PKS) and chain-length factor heterodimer, constitutes the minimal PKS of type II polyketides.

RegulationEdit

Malonyl-CoA is a highly regulated molecule in fatty acid synthesis; as such, it inhibits the rate-limiting step in beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Malonyl-CoA inhibits fatty acids from associating with carnitine by regulating the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase, thereby preventing them from entering the mitochondria, where fatty acid oxidation and degradation occur.

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article  Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.